In order for the results to be accurate, the sample must be withdrawn iso-kinetically. The velocity and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle must be the same as that of the gas to be sampled. For isokinetic withdrawal it is essential that the velocity and direction of the gas in the duct be precisely known.
Distribution of the gas velocity and particulate concentration in a duct usually are complex. The particles, differing in size and structure, may be dispersed non-uniformly and the gas velocity may be different in different areas. Moreover, the velocity and concentration may strongly fluctuate in time.
The determining factor is the mean particulate concentration calculated from gas volumes and mass flow rates measured at a sufficient number of sampling points in the sampling plane area for a sufficient period of time. |